Winter Distribution of Salmon in Relation to Currents and Water Masses in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean and Migrations of Sockeye Salmon

Orbiniella nuda, new species, is newly described from Washington. Naineris quadricuspida, Pygospio elegans, Pherusa negligens, Asclerocheilus beringianus, Euzonus williamsi, Barantolla americana, Decamastus gracilis, Mediomastus capensis, and Stygocapitella subterranea are newly recorded from Washington or from Washington and British Columbia. Most of these species have not previously been reported from the cold temperate northeastern Pacific Ocean. In addition, new descriptive information is provided for some species.

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A Climatology of 500-hPa Closed Lows in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, 1948–2011

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-13-0223.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 1578-1592 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Nina S. Oakley ◽

Kelly T. Redmond

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Interannual Variability ◽

West Coast ◽

The United States ◽

Western United States ◽

The West ◽

Reanalysis Dataset ◽

The Pacific ◽

Northeastern Pacific

AbstractThe northeastern Pacific Ocean is a preferential location for the formation of closed low pressure systems. These slow-moving, quasi-barotropic systems influence vertical stability and sustain a moist environment, giving them the potential to produce or affect sustained precipitation episodes along the west coast of the United States. They can remain motionless or change direction and speed more than once and thus often pose difficult forecast challenges. This study creates an objective climatological description of 500-hPa closed lows to assess their impacts on precipitation in the western United States and to explore interannual variability and preferred tracks. Geopotential height at 500 hPa from the NCEP–NCAR global reanalysis dataset was used at 6-h and 2.5° × 2.5° resolution for the period 1948–2011. Closed lows displayed seasonality and preferential durations. Time series for seasonal and annual event counts were found to exhibit strong interannual variability. Composites of the tracks of landfalling closed lows revealed preferential tracks as the features move inland over the western United States. Correlations of seasonal event totals for closed lows with ENSO indices, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern suggested an above-average number of events during the warm phase of ENSO and positive PDO and PNA phases. Precipitation at 30 U.S. Cooperative Observer stations was attributed to closed-low events, suggesting 20%–60% of annual precipitation along the West Coast may be associated with closed lows.

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Application of image enhancement and pattern recognition algorithms to seismic reflection data

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ◽

10.1785/bssa0730010307 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 307-314

Author(s):

George A. McMechan

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Image Enhancement ◽

Seismic Reflection ◽

Gray Scale ◽

Seismic Reflection Data ◽

Reflection Data ◽

Recognition Algorithms ◽

Gray Scale Image ◽

Northeastern Pacific

abstract A digital seismic reflection section may be converted to a gray scale image composed of pixels and processed with techniques borrowed from the disciplines of image enhancement and pattern recognition. Types of processing include scaling, thresholding, density equalization, filtering, segmentation, and edge-finding. These are successfully applied to a migrated common mid-point seismic reflection line that traverses the Queen Charlotte fault (located in the northeastern Pacific Ocean). The result is the definition and enhancement of an elongated, near-vertical reflectivity anomaly associated with the Queen Charlotte fault.

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Genetic isolation by distance and localized fjord population structure in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus): limited effective dispersal in the northeastern Pacific Ocean

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f08-199 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 153-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Kathryn Maja Cunningham ◽

Michael Francis Canino ◽

Ingrid Brigette Spies ◽

Lorenz Hauser

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Puget Sound ◽

Pacific Cod ◽

Genetic Population ◽

Pacific Cod Gadus Macrocephalus ◽

Gadus Macrocephalus ◽

Northeastern Pacific

Genetic population structure of Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus , was examined across much of its northeastern Pacific range by screening variation at 11 microsatellite DNA loci. Estimates of FST (0.005 ± 0.002) and RST (0.010 ± 0.003) over all samples suggested that effective dispersal is limited among populations. Genetic divergence was highly correlated with geographic distance in an isolation-by-distance (IBD) pattern along the entire coastal continuum in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (~4000 km; r2 = 0.83), extending from Washington State to the Aleutian Islands, and over smaller geographic distances for three locations in Alaska (~1700 km; r2 = 0.56). Slopes of IBD regressions suggested average dispersal distance between birth and reproduction of less than 30 km. Exceptions to this pattern were found in samples taken from fjord environments in the Georgia Basin (the Strait of Georgia (Canada) and Puget Sound (USA)), where populations were differentiated from coastal cod. Our results showed population structure at spatial scales relevant to fisheries management, both caused by limited dispersal along the coast and by sharp barriers to migration isolating smaller stocks in coastal fjord environments.

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Geological and Geochemical Data For Sediment and Pore Water Samples From the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, Off the Coast of Cape Mendocino, California

10.4095/129885 ◽

1984 ◽

Author(s):

G V Winters ◽

D E Buckley ◽

R E Cranston ◽

R A Fitzgerald ◽

M Stoffyn

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Pore Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Northeastern Pacific

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Neogene Foraminifera from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, Leg 18, Deep Sea Drilling Project

10.2973/dsdp.proc.18.114.1973 ◽

1973 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J.C. Ingle ◽

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Northeastern Pacific ◽

Drilling Project

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On river discharge into the northeastern Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/jz072i022p05613 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 72 (22) ◽

pp. 5613-5629 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Gunnar I. Roden

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Bering Sea ◽

River Discharge ◽

Northeastern Pacific ◽

The Bering Sea

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Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsq199 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1122-1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

James R. Irvine ◽

Masa-aki Fukuwaka

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

North Pacific ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Coho Salmon ◽

Pacific Salmon ◽

North Pacific Ocean ◽

Pink Salmon ◽

The North ◽

Abundance Trends

Abstract Irvine, J. R., and Fukuwaka, M. 2011. Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1122–1130. Understanding reasons for historical patterns in salmon abundance could help anticipate future climate-related changes. Recent salmon abundance in the northern North Pacific Ocean, as indexed by commercial catches, has been among the highest on record, with no indication of decline; the 2009 catch was the highest to date. Although the North Pacific Ocean continues to produce large quantities of Pacific salmon, temporal abundance patterns vary among species and areas. Currently, pink and chum salmon are very abundant overall and Chinook and coho salmon are less abundant than they were previously, whereas sockeye salmon abundance varies among areas. Analyses confirm climate-related shifts in abundance, associated with reported ecosystem regime shifts in approximately 1947, 1977, and 1989. We found little evidence to support a major shift after 1989. From 1990, generally favourable climate-related marine conditions in the western North Pacific Ocean, as well as expanding hatchery operations and improving hatchery technologies, are increasing abundances of chum and pink salmon. In the eastern North Pacific Ocean, climate-related changes are apparently playing a role in increasing chum and pink salmon abundances and declining numbers of coho and Chinook salmon.

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